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16 Contoh Soal Fungsi Komposisi

Fungsi komposisi merupakan fungsi penggabungan dua jenis fungsi seperti fungsi f(x) dan g(x) yang disimbolkan “o”.

 

Sifat – sifat komposisi Fungsi :
·        (fog)(x) ≠ (gof)(x)
·        (fo(goh))(x) = ((fog)oh)(x)

 

Soal : 1

Jika f : R à R dengan f(x) = x – 4 dan g:R à R dengan g(x) = x2 + 1. Tentukan (fog)(x – 3).

A.  4x2 – 6x + 6             D. x2 – 6x + 6

B.  3x2 + 6x – 6             E. x2 + 6x – 6

C.  2x2 – 6x + 6

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = x – 4

ó g(x) = x2 + 1

ó (fog)(x) = (x2 + 1) – 4

ó (fog)(x) = x2 – 3

ó (fog)(x – 3) = (x – 3)2 – 3

ó (fog)(x – 3) = (x2 – 6x + 9) – 3

ó (fog)(x – 3) = x2 – 6x + 6

 

Kunci : D

 

Soal : 2

Fungsi f:R à R dimana f(x) = 2x – 1 dan g(x) = x2 + 3. Tentukan (fog)(x).

A.  x2 – 5               D. 2x2 + 5

B.  x2 + 5                      E. 3x2 – 5

C.  2x2 – 5  

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = 2x – 1

ó g(x) = x2 + 3

ó (fog)(x) = 2x – 1

ó (fog)(x) = 2(x2 + 3) – 1

                = 2x2 + 6 – 1

                = 2x2 + 5

 

Kunci : D


 

Soal : 3

Diketahui fungsi f(x) = 6x – 3, g(x) = 5x + 4 dan (fog)(a) = 81. Maka nilai a sama dengan …

A.  1                      D. 4

B.  2                      E. 5

C.  3

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = 6x – 3

ó g(x) = 5x + 4

ó (fog)(x) = 6x – 3

                = 6(5x + 4) – 3

                = 30x + 24 – 3

                = 30x + 21

 

Substitusikan nilai x = a,

 

ó (fog)(a) = 30x + 21

            81 = 30a + 21

     81 – 21 = 30a

            60 = 30a

              a = 2

 

Kunci : B

 

Soal : 4

Fungsi – fungsi f, g, dan h adalah pemetaan dari R à R. Dengan f(x) = x + 4, g(x) = 2 – x, dan h(x) = x2 – x + 1. Tentukan fungsi komposisi ((fog)oh)(x) = …

A.  2x2 + x – 5                     D. – x2 + x + 5

B.  2x2 – x + 5                     E. x2 + x + 5

C.  – x2 + x – 5

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = x + 4

ó g(x) = 2 – x

ó h(x) = x2 – x + 1

ó (fog)(x) = x + 4

                = (2 – x) + 4

                = 6 – x

 

ó ((fog)oh)(x) = 6 – x

                      = 6 – (x2 – x + 1)

                      = 6 – 1 – x2 + x

                      = – x2 + x + 5

 

Kunci : D

 

Soal : 5

Diketahui (fog)(x) = 2x + 4 dan f(x) = x – 2. Tentukan fungsi g(x).

A.  2x + 6              D. x + 6

B.  3x + 6              E. x – 6

C.  4x + 6

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = x – 2

ó (fog)(x) = 2x + 4

     2x + 4 = g(x) – 2 

         g(x) = 2x + 4 + 2

         g(x) = 2x + 6

 

Kunci : A

 

Soal : 6

Jika f(x) = 3x + 2 dan g(x) = 4x2. Maka (fog)(x) dan (gof)(x) …

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó (fog)(x) = 3x + 2

                = 3(4x2) + 2

                = 12x2 + 2

 

ó (gof)(x) = 4x2

                = 4(3x + 2)2

                = 4(9x2 + 12x + 4)

                = 36x2 + 48x + 16

 

Soal : 7

Diketahui f(x) = 2x dan g(x) = x – 3.

Tentukan :

a.  (gof)(x)

b.  (fog)(x)

 

Pembahasan :

 

Bagian a)

 

ó (gof)(x) = x – 3

                = (2x) – 3

                = 2x – 3

 

Bagian b)

 

ó (fog)(x) = 2x

                = 2(x – 3)

                = 2x – 6

Soal : 8

Diketahui f(x) = 3x + 4 dan g(x) = 3x. Tentukan nilai dari (fog)(2) = …

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó      f(x) = 3x + 4

ó      g(x) = 3x

ó (fog)(x) = 3x + 4

                = 3(3x) + 4

                = 9x + 4

 

Substitusikan x = 2,

 

ó (fog)(2) = 9(2) + 4

                = 22

 

Soal : 9

Diketahui f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 5 – 2x, dan h(x) = x + 2. Tunjukkan bahwa :

a.  (fog)(x) ≠ (gof)(x)

b.  (fo(goh))(x) = ((fog)oh)(x)

 

Pembahasan :

 

Bagian a)

 

ó (fog)(x) = 3x

                = 3(5 – 2x)

                = 15 – 6x

 

ó (gof)(x) = 5 – 2x

                = 5 – 2(3x)

                = 5 – 6x

 

Kesimpulan : (fog)(x) ≠ (gof)(x)

 

Bagian b)

 

ó (goh)(x) = 5 – 2(x + 2)

                 = 5 – 2x – 4

                 = 1 – 2x

 

Maka,

 

ó (fo(goh))(x) = 3x

                      = 3(1 – 2x)

                      = 3 – 6x

 

 

ó (fog)(x) = 3x

                = 3(5 – 2x)

                = 15 – 6x

 

Maka,

 

ó ((fog)oh)(x) = 15 – 6x

                      = 15 – 6(x + 2)

                      = 15 – 6x – 12

                      = 3 – 6x

 

Kesimpulan : (fo(goh))(x) = ((fog)oh)(x)

 

Soal : 10

Diketahui f(x) = x2 + 1 dan g(x) = 2x – 3, maka (fog)(x) = …

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = x2 + 1

ó g(x) = 2x – 3

ó (fog)(x) = x2 + 1

                = (2x – 3)2 + 1

                = 4x2 – 12x + 9 + 1

                = 4x2 – 12x + 10

 

Soal : 11

Diketahui (fog)(x) = x + 4 dan g(x) = x – 2. Tentukan invers dari fungsi f(x).

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó       (fog)(x) = x + 4

ó        f(g(x)) = x + 4

ó       f(x – 2) = x + 4

ó f(x – 2 + 2) = x + 4 + 2

ó             f(x) = x + 6

 

Selanjutnya fungsi invers dari f(x).

 

ó     f(x) = x + 6

ó         y = x + 6

ó f – 1 (x) = x – 6

 

 

Soal : 12

Diketahui (fog)(x) = 2x + 4 dan f(x) = x – 2. Tentukan fungsi g(x).

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó (fog)(x) = 2x + 4

ó f(x) = x – 2

 

Misalkan g(x) = y

 

ó f(g(x)) = 2x + 4

ó     f(y) = x – 2

ó 2x + 4 = y – 2

ó         y = 2x + 6

ó     g(x) = 2x + 6

 

Soal : 13

Diketahui f(x) = x – 4 dan g(x) = x2 – 3x + 10. Tentukan fungsi komposisi gof(x).

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = x – 4

ó g(x) = x2 – 3x + 10

ó (gof)(x) = x2 – 3x + 10

                = (x – 4)2 – 3(x – 4) + 10

                = x2 – 8x + 16 – 3x + 12 + 10

                = x2 – 11x + 38

 

Soal : 14

Diketahui f(x) = x + 2 dan g(x) = 2x – 4. Tentukan (gof) – 1 = …

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó f(x) = x + 2

ó g(x) = 2x – 4

ó (gof)(x) = g(f(x))

                = 2x – 4

                = 2(x + 2) – 4

                = 2x + 4 – 4

                = 2x

 

ó (gof) – 1 = ½ x

 

 

Soal : 15

Diketahui f(x) = x + 1 dan (fog)(x) = 3x2 + 4. Tentukan g(4) = …

 

Pembahasan :

 

Misalkan g(x) = y

 

ó f(x) = x + 1

ó (fog)(x) = 3x2 + 4

ó (fog)(x) = f(g(x))

ó 3x2 + 4 = x + 1

ó 3x2 + 4 = y + 1

ó          y = 3x2 + 3

ó      g(x) = 3x2 + 3

ó      g(4) = 3(4)2 + 3

ó      g(4) = 51

 

Soal : 16

Jika f(x) = 2x, g(x) = 3x – 1, dan h(x) = x2, maka (fogoh)(x) = …

 

Pembahasan :

 

ó (goh)(x) = 3x – 1

                 = 3(x2) – 1

                 = 3x2 – 1

 

Maka,

 

ó (fogoh)(x) = (fo(goh))(x)

ó                 = 2x

ó                 = 2(3x2 – 1)

ó                 = 6x2 – 2