Kamis, 10 September 2020

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM FISIKA ALAT UKUR

I. Tujuan Perobaan

1) Mengukur panjang, dan volume benda yang berbentuk teratur/tidak teratur

     menggunakan alat ukur seperti mistar penggaris, jangka sorong, mikrometer skrup dan gelas ukur.

2)  Menganalisis data menggunakan teori pengukuran berulang

 

II.Teori

Mengukur adalah membandingkan sesuatu yang diukur dengan besaran sejenis yang ditetapkan sebagai satuan. Sedangkan Besaran adalah segala sesuatu yang dapat diukur dan dinyatakan dengan angka serta dilengkapi dengan satuan.Seorang pengamat membandingkan jarak yang diukur dengan alat ukur panjang yang dilengkapi dengan satuan panjang, kemudian menaksirnya. Begitu mulai melakukan pengukuran kuantitatif, pengamat memerlukan suatu sistem satuan untuk memungkinkan pengamat dapat berkomunikasi dengan orang lain dan juga untuk membandingkan hasil pengukuran pengamat. Sistem satuan yang digunakan dalam komunikasi tersebut harus dalam sistem satuan internasional SI.Untuk memperoleh pengukuran yang lebih teliti digunakan alat ukur dengan ketelitian yang lebih tinggi seperti jangka sorong dan mikrometer skrup.

 

1. Jangka sorong

Jangka sorong umumnya digunakan untuk mengukur diameter dalam benda, misalnya

diameter cincin. Jangka sorong juga dapat mengukur diameter luar sebuah benda, misalnya

diameter kelereng. Jangka sorong terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu rahang tetap dan rahang

geser, seperti gambar di bawah ini.

Jangka sorong juga terdiri dari dua skala, yaitu skala utama dan skala nonius (vernier).

Sepuluh skala utama memiliki panjang 1 cm, sedangkan 10 skala nonius memiliki panjang

0,9 cm. Beda satu skala nonius dengan satu skala utama adalah 0,1 cm – 0,09 cm atau 0,01

mm. Jadi, skala terkecil jangka sorong adalah 0,1 mm atau 0,01 cm. Ketelitian jangka

sorong adalah setengah dari skala terkecil.Jadinya ketelitian jangka sorong adalah:


 

 

2. Mikrometer skrup

Bagian – bagian dari sebuah mikrometer sekrup terdiri dari skala utama yang tertera 

pada selubung dan skala nonius tertera pada selubung luar. Jika selubung diputar lengkap 

1 kali, rahang geser dan juga selubung luar maju atau mundur 0,5 mm. 

Karena selubung luar memiliki 50 skala, maka 1 skala pada selubung luar sama dengan

jarak maju atau mundur rahang geser sejauh 0,5 mm/ 50 = 0,01 mm. Jadi,skala terkecil

mikrometer sekrup adalah 0,01 mm atau 0,001 cm. Dan ketelitian mikrometer sekrup

adalah  







 















3. Gelas ukur

Gelas ukur digunakan selain untuk mengukur volume cairan, dapat juga digunakan 

untuk mengukur volume benda padat ukuran kecil dan memiliki bentuk tidak teratur. 

Gelas ukur terdiri dari dua jenis, gelas ukur dan gelas ukur bejana berpancur.


 

 

 

4. Pengolahan data

 





III. Alat dan Bahan

Ø  Mistar / penggaris

Ø  Jangka sorong

Ø  Mikrometer skrup

Ø  Kubus kayu

Ø  Bola besi / kelereng

Ø  Gelas ukur

Ø  Koin Rp 500,-

Ø  Batu ukuran kecil

 

IV. Prosedur Percobaan

Ø Mengukur sisi kubus kayu sebanyak 3 kali menggunakan penggaris dan mencatatkan ke dalam tabel pengamatan

Ø Mengukur ketebalan  uang koin pecahan Rp 500,- menggunakan mikrometer sekrup sebanyak 3 kali dan mencatatkan ke dalam tabel pengamatan

Ø  Mengukur diameter luar kelereng menggunakan jangka sorong sebanyak 3 kali dan mencatatkannya ke dalam tabel pengamatan

Ø  Mengukur volume batu ukuran kecil menggunakan gelas ukur sebanyak 3 kali dan mencatatkan ke dalam tabel data pengamatan

Ø  Menganalisis data pengukuran menggunakan teori sesatan

 

 

 

V.    Data Pengamatan

 

Kubus kayu

 

Percobaan

 

Sisi kubus kayu

 

1

 

 

2

 

 

3

 

 

 

                

                 Kelereng

 

Percobaan

 

Sisi kubus kayu

 

1

 

 

2

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

                 Koin Rp 500,-

 

Percobaan

 

Sisi kubus kayu

 

1

 

 

2

 

 

3

 

 

 

                

                 Batu kecil

 

Percobaan

 

Sisi kubus kayu

 

1

 

 

2

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DATA PERCOBAAN

 

I.          JUDUL PERCOBAAN               : ..........................................................................................

 

II.        TANGGAL PERCOBAAN         : ..........................................................................................

 

III.     KELAS                                       : ..........................................................................................

 

IV.     KELOMPOK                              : ..........................................................................................

 

V.       ABSENSI                                   : ..........................................................................................

 

Praktikan yang hadir :

 

1.      .................................................. (      )                     6.   ....................................................... (     )

 

2.      ............................................... (      )                        7.   ....................................................... (     )

 

3.      ............................................... (      )                        8.   ....................................................... (     )

 

4.      ............................................... (      )                        9.   ....................................................... (     )

 

5.      ............................................... (      )                        10. ....................................................... (     )

 

 

 

Praktikan yang tidak hadir :

 

1.      .................................................. (      )                     4.   ....................................................... (     )

 

2.      ............................................... (      )                        5.   ....................................................... (     )

 

3.      ............................................... (      )                        6.   ....................................................... (     )

 

 

VI.     DATA PENGAMATAN

 

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Medan,     

Asisten Praktikum

 

 

 

 

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